Primary Frequency Control
One of the primary tasks in power system operation is frequency monitoring and control, where the primary frequency regulation (PFR) capability of grid-connected generation sources is critical for maintaining grid frequency stability. However, as renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) power increasingly dominate the power system while the proportion of conventional synchronous generators declines, the system's rotational inertia and frequency regulation capability are significantly reduced, weakening the grid's primary frequency regulation capacity. When a region has a high concentration of renewable energy plants and their grid-connected capacity reaches a certain threshold, this often leads to active power-frequency oscillations or even instability in the local or broader power system.